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COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe, posing an enormous threat to public health and safety. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in combination with Western medicine (WM), has made important and lasting contributions in the battle against COVID-19. In this review, updated clinical effects and potential mechanisms of TCM, presented in newly recognized three distinct phases of the disease, are summarized and discussed. By integrating the available clinical and preclinical evidence, the efficacies and underlying mechanisms of TCM on COVID-19, including the highly recommended three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas, are described in a panorama. We hope that this comprehensive review not only provides a reference for health care professionals and the public to recognize the significant contributions of TCM for COVID-19, but also serves as an evidence-based in-depth summary and analysis to facilitate understanding the true scientific value of TCM.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of saccharide in polysaccharides containing galact-uronic acid based on phenol-sulfuric acid method combined with correction factor method. METHODS:The determination condi-tion of phenol-sulfuric acid was optimized. A series of standard curves were drawn with glacturonic aid-glucose mixed control with different mass ratio. The content of saccharide in Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides CPP1b samples containing galacturonic acid was determined. According to regression equation of galacturonic acid-glucose ratio of 0-100%,the correction factor was calculated by using C. pilosula polysaccharides CPP1b as the reference polysaccharide,and the results of content determination of saccharide were corrected. The rationality of this method was verified by using mixed monosaccharide control with same composition as C. pi-losula polysaccharides CPP1b. RESULTS:The correction factor of C. pilosula polysaccharide CPP1b to glucose was 3.33;in vali-dation test,the content of saccharide in mixed monosaccharide control with same composition as C. pilosula polysaccharides CPP1b was 103.47%. RSDs of precision and stability tests was <1%. The recoveries ranged 93.52%-107.35%(RSD=5.09%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The established method can accurately determine the content of saccharide in C. pilosula polysaccharides CPP1b containing galacturonic acid.
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Objective To study the effects of different drying processes on the effective constituents in Wen Codonopsis pilosula (WPP) Decoction Pieces; To develop the optimized producing and preparing integration process based on fresh WPP.MethodsFresh WPP in harvest period was prepared respectively as follows:① Fresh WPP was dried to different percentage (30%–100%) of original moisture contents of crude drugs at 80℃ in oven, then sliced and dried at 50℃ to obtain eight decoction pieces of WPP (XⅠYP1–8).② The fresh WPP was baked to 50% of water content of crude drug under different temperatures (50–120℃), respectively, then sliced and dried at 50℃ to obtain eight decoction pieces of WPP (XⅡYP1–8).③ Dried WPP was moistened, sliced and naturally dried, then were renamed as traditional decoction pieces. The contents of lobetyolin and atractylenolideⅢ was determined by HPLC. The phenol-sulfuric acid and colorimetric method were applied respectively to detect contents of polysaccharide and total flavonoids. The contents of aqueous and alcoholic extracts were determined simultaneously. Results The contents of alcoholic extracts (55.36%), aqueous extracts (54.91%) and atractylenolideⅢ (10.95 μg/g) in XⅠYP3 pieces were higher than other decoction pieces.Conclusion The optimized process was that fresh WPP was baked to water content of 50% at 80℃, then sliced and dried. Compared with conventional preparing methods,the integration process was time-saving and effort-saving. Meanwhile, the prepared pieces have higher content of active ingredients.
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Objective: To investigate influence of isometric exercise (IE) training on number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of circulating blood in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods: A total of 20 CTO patients were divided into training group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Both groups received routine medication for three months, training group also received three-month IE training (maximal handgrip was used to induce maximum IE of upper limb muscles, leading to temporary physiological ischemia of skeletal muscle),while control group remained sedentary without exercise training. Flow cytometry was used to measure number of blood EPCs, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum concentration of VEGF. Results: Before treatment, the differences of levels of blood EPCs and VEGF between two groups were no significant（P>0.05）. Compared with before treatment, there were significant increase in blood number of EPCs [(0.028±0.009)% vs. (0.044±0.016)%] and VEGF concentration [(65.3±15.1) pg/ml vs. (98.5±17.4)pg/ml] after three-month treatment in training group (P=0.015, P0.05. The blood numbers of EPCs were positively correlated with VEGF concentration in training group and control group (r=0.727, r=0.785, P<0.05 both). Conclusions: Isometric exercise training can increase blood number of EPCs and VEGF concentration in coronary CTO patients, which may contribute to collateral angiogenesis in remote ischemic myocardium.
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BACKGROUND: The area of myocardial infarction is the determinative factor of acute myocardial infarction prognosis. Amelioration of blood transportation and replacement therapy can reduce infarction area. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into cardiovascular tissue and are easy to obtain. After cultured and expanded in vitro, they can become the ideal cells for cardiovascular replacement therapy.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of intracoronary transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Self-control observation taking the patients as subjects.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Department of Nuclear Medicine,Echocardiogram Room, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received the therapy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University during March 2003 to March 2004 were recurited. Informed consents were obtained from the patients, and the complete postoperative follow up was over 3 months. The patients include 15 male and 5 female, and they were aged (64±10) years.METHODS: All the patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to treat infarction-related blood vessel. Autologous bone marrow was taken from the patients, then stem cells were extracted to be performed in vitro induction, differentiation and proliferation, and transplanted infarction-related blood vessel through coronary artery at the mean number of (21.7±30.14)× 107 within 2 weeks. Before and 3 months after transplantation of stem cells, patients underwent gated dual-isotopic myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging (18-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose, 18F-FDG) examination. Survived and necrotic myocardia were predicted and infarction area was obtained. At the same time, wall motion and heart function index were evaluated with ultrasound cardiography (UCG)examination, and they were re-checked 3 months after operation to evaluate the amelioration of wall motion and heart function index. A 5-point scale was used in the evaluation of gated dual-isotopic myocardial perfusion/metabolic imaging (18F-FDG) examination: point 0: normal, 1: sparse, 2:obviously sparse, 3: defected. Evaluative standard of UCG: point 1: normal,2: reduced, 3: obviously reduced, 4: no ventricular wall motion or paradoxical motion; Wall motion with 2 points or more than 2 points suggests it is improved.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of gated dual-isotopic myocardial perfusion/ metabolic imaging (18F-FDG-SPECT); ②Infarctionrelated myocardial segment score and heart function index before and after stem cell transplantation of patients in ECG follow-up observation.RESULTS: All the 20 patients participated in the result analysis.Results of gated dual-isotopic myocardial perrusion/metabolic imaging (18F-FDG-SPECT): The myocardial perfusion defect area of 20 patients was significantly reduced after therapy than before therapy [(33±15)%,-(44±18)% ,P ＜ 0.05]; Metabolie defect area was significantly reduced after therapy than before therapy [(33±17)%, (43±21)% ,P ＜ 0.05];Before therapy, there were 199 segments, in which blood flow reperfusion was matched to glycometabolism defect, and they were determined as necrotic myocardium. After therapy, blood flow perfusion metabolism was improved in 79 segments, but blood flow perfusion and glycometabolism were not improved significantly in 120 segments (P ＜ 0.05). Results of UCG: ejection fraction of patients was significantly larger after therapy than before therapy [(53±8)%, (42±7)% ,P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Intracoronary transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treating myocardial infarction is simple to operate. After therapy, the infarction area is obviously reduced, myocardial blood flow perfusion and metabolism of necrotic area improve, myocardial segments without survival determined before operation reduce sigrificantly and the heart function of patients improve.
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Objective To study the relationship between smoking and oxygen free radicals (OFR) , activities of antioxidases.Methods Concentration of serum lipoperoxides(LPO) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) ,glutathioneperoxides(GSH-PX) in 216 healthy smoker and 155 healthy non-smoker were performed.Results The smoker group: the averageLPO concentration was 5.87±1.23, the average SOD activity was 88.24±11.96, the average GSH-PX activity was 176.87±23.31;the non-smoker group:The average LPO concentration was 4.24±0.76, the average SOD activity was 106.18±16.04, the average GSH-PX activity was 206.32±50.25.The average LPO concentration of the smoker group was significantly higher than that in the non-smoker group (P<0.01) ; the average SOD GSH-PX activity of the smoker group were significantly lower than those of the non-smoker group (P<0.01) .The LPO concentration in 50 male smokers(39～45years of age)increased, while SOD and GSH-PX activity decreased as the duration and amount of smoking increased (P<0.01) , showing a linear correlationship.Conclusion The results suggest that smoking is one of the important factors causing, not only OFR and reaction of LPO obviously intensified,but also the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation in the body.
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Grade Ⅲ),preserved LV ejection fraction(EF%≥55%) were involved in present study.TDI and echocardiograms were performed at baseline and during the follow-up period(the time interval between the examinations was 650?362 days).These patients were divided into 2 groups according to the interval LV end-systolic volume(LVESV) with or without 20% increment.Results Corrected by body-surface area,the biplane LVESV,LV end-diastolic volume(LVEDV) and left atrial volume(LAV) increased significantly compared with that of baseline(20?6ml/m2 vs.17?5ml/m2;55?13ml/m2 vs.49?12ml/m2 and 42?11ml/m2 vs.36?14ml/m2,respectively,P